Division of waterproof insulation due to protective functions:
• Moisture and waterproofing insulation designed to protect against water that does not exert hydrostatic pressure.
• Izolacje przeciwwodne przeznaczone do ochrony przed działaniem wody wywierającej ciśnienie hydrostatyczne.
• Izolacje parochronne przeznaczone do ochrony przegród budowlanych przed przenikaniem i kondensacją pary wodnej .
Particularly careful water protection is required in the ground floor of the building. In places where external walls meet the ground, there is an increased risk of water:
– water drawn up by capillary action from the ground,
– splashing water during heavy rains,
– woda, which seeps down the wall to the place where the wall is supported on the footings, itd.
Waterproofing in the basement area of the building should be a continuous and tight single system- or multilayer, separating a building or part of it from the water. Underlay, on which insulating coatings are applied should be dry, durable, non-deformable and transfer all loads acting on it Corners of insulated surfaces should be rounded with a radius of approx. 5 cm or chamfered at 45°. The slope of the waterproofing layer on the horizontal surfaces of terraces and balconies should be approx 2 %. Waterproofing can be made of various materials with different technical properties. These insulations are usually covered with other layers and due to the lack of access to them, they must be made especially carefully.
• Izolacja pozioma zapobiega kapilarnemu podciąganiu wilgoci z gruntu lub z dolnych, already damp (for example due to damage to lower layers of horizontal insulation) parts of the walls to the parts lying above. Horizontal insulation is usually used in several places. The lower horizontal insulation is placed on the footing (between footing and foundation wall) or with a shift of one layer of bricks up. If the building has a basement, it is the insulation under the walls that is combined with the horizontal insulation of the basement floor. The upper horizontal insulation is placed on the wall under the ceiling beam. In a building without a basement, the upper layer of horizontal insulation is made between the foundation wall and the ground floor wall standing on it; when the floor is laid directly on the ground, the best solution is to combine this insulation with the floor insulation into one whole. Horizontal insulation is usually made of two or three layers of bitumen roofing felt.
• Izolacja pionowa zapobiega przenikaniu wilgoci (anti-moisture insulation) or water (waterproofing) basically; it is laid on the outside of the footing and the foundation wall (cellar) and connects with horizontal insulation.