The solution of the floor layers on the raw ceiling depends on the purpose of the rooms, and floor layers, which can be used in various combinations in living spaces are as follows:
• Vapor barrier or waterproofing (bathrooms, kitchens).
• Thermal insulation layer, at the same time acting as a damping sound insulation – glass or rock wool, styrofoam.
• Structural layer of the floor – concrete screed, dry screed or wooden joists.
• Undercoat for the finishing layer- glue, adhesive mortar, etc.
• Finishing layer – parquet, wooden boards (gr. about 3 cm), ceramic tiles, stone slabs, plastic linings, carpet coverings, panels.
In rooms with high air humidity (e.g. laundries) thermal insulation layers should be covered with a vapor barrier layer.
In wet and damp rooms, where water is at risk (np. baths, washrooms) watertight insulation with a slope should be made 1,5% towards the sewer grate.
The thermal insulation layer in the floor plays the role of acoustic insulation between the floors – np. floating floor made of thick rock wool slabs 40 mm is characterized by the weighted decrease in the impact level of the reference floor Δlw = 27 dB and can be classified as acoustic class II – Pp23. Increasing the thickness of the insulation boards does not significantly improve the acoustic insulation.
Floor heating heating elements should be arranged in their own, layer of concrete screed, independent of the ceiling structure. Changes in temperature caused by underfloor heating cause the phenomenon of thermal expansion. For this reason, circumferential expansion joints should be made along the edges of the concrete screed, allowing expansion of the concrete screed under the influence of temperature increase. A thermal insulation layer is laid under the underfloor heating.